Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons and becoming reduced to NADH.

Question 2

During the reaction $$Na + Cl \rightarrow Na^+ + Cl^-$$, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sodium is oxidized and acts as the reducing agent.

Question 3

Which phase of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain / Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the main purpose of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

To recycle NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

How does $$CO_2$$ enter a leaf for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Through microscopic pores called stomata

Question 7

Which process in cellular respiration is most directly responsible for creating the proton-motive force used to synthesize ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules like G3P

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why plants appear green?

Accepted Answer

They reflect and transmit green light, which is not absorbed by chlorophyll.

Question 10

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mitosis and meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four haploid cells, while mitosis produces two diploid cells.

Question 12

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They form active complexes with Cdks to regulate progression through the cell cycle.

Question 13

Which of the following is a difference between animal and plant cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate from vesicles.

Question 14

Which process contributes most directly to genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes in Prophase I

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation uses an enzyme to transfer a phosphate group directly to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the fate of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis provides the sugar, and cellular respiration breaks it down to generate ATP for cellular work.

Question 18

What is the main function of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

To move chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits but may have different alleles.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs build organic molecules from $$CO_2$$ and are producers; heterotrophs obtain organic molecules from other organisms and are consumers.

Biology I: Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, Cell Cycle, and Meiosis – Exam 3 Study Guide

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