Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and why is this process important?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation.

Question 3

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents and includes processes like crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 5

Refer to the karyotype image provided. What genetic disorder is indicated if there are three copies of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down’s syndrome

Question 6

Which scientist(s) used X-ray diffraction to help reveal the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 7

If a DNA sample contains $$24\%$$ thymine, what percentage of guanine must it contain?

Accepted Answer

$$26\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing genes to be inserted into plasmids.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of how bacteria are helpful to humans?

Accepted Answer

Fixing nitrogen in the soil for plant growth

Question 10

In the cladogram provided, which trait evolved immediately before the appearance of the pigeon?

Accepted Answer

Feathers

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are chromosomes 1-22, while sex chromosomes are X and Y.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood in the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plant vascular tissue xylem?

Accepted Answer

Transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the testicles are held outside the body in human males?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than body temperature, which is necessary for sperm production

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct scientific name for humans, following the rules of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm in human respiration?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to increase thoracic cavity volume, decreasing pressure and drawing air into the lungs.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their development?

Accepted Answer

Notochord

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the small intestine in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It is the main site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including proteins and fats.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a dichotomous key?

Accepted Answer

A tool that uses a series of paired statements to identify organisms.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why treatment options for cancer are moving toward more personalized therapies?

Accepted Answer

Because different cancers have unique genetic mutations, so targeted therapies can be more effective.

Biology I Honors Semester II Exam Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions