Question 1

According to the theory of natural selection, which organisms are most likely to survive and reproduce in a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

Organisms that are more adapted to the environment

Question 2

In the scientific name Homo sapiens, what does 'Homo' represent and what does 'sapiens' represent?

Accepted Answer

Genus, species

Question 3

A research team is testing a new drug for diabetes. Which group should serve as the control group in their experiment?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic patients who will not receive the drug

Question 4

Why are noncovalent interactions crucial for enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

They allow reversible binding and stabilization of the substrate for catalysis

Question 5

Arrange the following chemical bonds in order of strength from strongest to weakest: covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der Waals.

Accepted Answer

Ionic > Covalent > Hydrogen > Van der Waals

Question 6

Which of the following statements about anions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are attracted to Cathode

Question 7

Water has a high heat-absorbing capability due to which type of bonding between individual water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a physiological function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

None of the above; all are functions of water

Question 9

In the structure of threonine, which of the following functional groups is NOT attached to the asymmetric carbon?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 10

Which type of fatty acid contains only single carbon-carbon bonds in its hydrocarbon backbone?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT metabolized to generate energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 13

Neutrophils are white blood cells involved in phagocytosis. Which organelle is especially abundant in neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 14

For osmosis to occur, the cell membrane must be:

Accepted Answer

Semipermeable

Question 15

The sodium concentration is ______ inside the cell than outside, and the potassium concentration is ______ inside the cell. To maintain these concentrations, ______ is needed to power the sodium-potassium pump during active transport.

Accepted Answer

Lower; greater; ATP

Question 16

Refer to the energy diagram for a biological reaction. Identify the correct labeling for A, B, and C:

$A$ - Transition state
$B$ - Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme
$C$ - Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme

Accepted Answer

A - Transition state, B - Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme, C - Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme

Question 17

Which statement best describes the feedback inhibition process regulating metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It uses the reaction product to regulate its own further production.

Question 18

The majority of spontaneous reactions ______ the entropy of the system.

Accepted Answer

Increase

Question 19

Which type of energy is present in the C-H bonds of a glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 20

Which of the following factors affect the activity of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Biology Midterm Study Guidance: Key Concepts and Practice

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards