Question 1

Which molecule in the image would be found in RNA, and what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

Molecule A; ribonucleotide

Question 2

During the synthesis of DNA or RNA, energy is required to form a phosphodiester bond. Which statement best describes the change in Gibbs free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for the reactions involved?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the phosphodiester bond has a positive $$\Delta G$$, and breaking the phosphate-phosphate bond has a negative $$\Delta G.$$

Question 3

Which process produces RNA that is complementary to the DNA template strand?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 4

Where in a eukaryotic cell would the synthesis of a water channel protein destined for the plasma membrane occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes at the rough ER

Question 5

Which of the following processes are directly involved in synthesizing a protein from a protein-coding gene?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 6

DNA replication starts at the ______, RNA synthesis starts at the ______, and protein synthesis starts at the ______.

Accepted Answer

Origin of replication; +1 site following the promoter; start codon

Question 7

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of the bond between monomers during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Which type of RNA matches an amino acid to the correct codon via pairing between its anticodon and the codon?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 9

A section of a protein-coding gene has a template strand sequence 3' - C A G C A T T A G - 5'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

5' - G U C G U A A U C - 3'

Question 10

Given the mRNA sequence 5' - C C G G A A A U G G G U U G U A C G G C G C U C U A G G G G U A U -3', which codon marks the start of translation and which amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG; methionine

Question 11

As a result of splicing, eukaryotic cells can:

Accepted Answer

Produce more than one mRNA and more than one version of a protein from the same gene

Question 12

A mutation changes a codon in the mRNA from GGG to GAG. What is the effect on the protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Single amino acid change: the two codons call for different amino acids

Question 13

A mutation causes a single base to be deleted from the third codon in the mRNA. What is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation: all amino acids after this point may be altered

Question 14

True or false: In a prokaryotic cell, transcription and translation of a gene may occur simultaneously because translation can begin while transcription is still occurring.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

Which molecule in the image would be found in a protein, and what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

Molecule C; amino acid

Question 16

Which molecule in the image would be found in DNA, and what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

Molecule D; deoxyribonucleotide

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the magnitude of $$\Delta G$$ for phosphodiester bond formation and phosphate-phosphate bond breaking during nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$|\Delta G_{phosphodiester}| \u003c |\Delta G_{phosphate-phosphate}|$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a frameshift mutation in a gene coding for a metabolic enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme may lose its function, potentially causing a metabolic disorder.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells can begin translation before transcription is complete?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, allowing ribosomes to access mRNA as it is being synthesized.

Biology Study Guide: Nucleic Acids, Protein Synthesis, and Cellular Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards