Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

All organisms must be able to fly.

Question 2

Which experiment provided strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in biology?

Accepted Answer

An explanation for a very general class of phenomena supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 5

What is the main purpose of a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that the results are due to the independent variable and not other factors.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a heritable trait that could be subject to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A giraffe’s neck length that is genetically determined.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix with complementary base pairing.

Question 8

In the context of evolution, what does 'fitness' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce surviving offspring.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype through the production of proteins.

Question 10

A plant biologist waters 20 pots of corn with distilled water and 20 pots with distilled water plus nitrogen fertilizer. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of nitrogen in the water.

Question 11

Which of the following is a prediction that could be made if the food competition hypothesis for giraffe neck length is correct?

Accepted Answer

Giraffes with longer necks will feed higher in trees.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must be identical.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main energy currency used to power cellular processes.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct scientific name format for humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the phylogenetic tree of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depicts genealogical relationships among all organisms with a single ancestral species at its base.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

There will be no difference in growth between plants given nitrogen and those not given nitrogen.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why keeping experimental conditions constant is important?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that any observed effect is due to the independent variable.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of adaptation by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Finches on the Galápagos Islands developing small, pointed beaks when small, soft seeds are abundant.

Biology: The Study of Life – Foundations of Biological Science

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