Question 1

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers of carbohydrates or proteins into their monomer subunits, and what does it require?

Accepted Answer

A hydrolysis reaction; requires water

Question 2

A molecule found in a plant cell wall is composed of unbranched polymers of glucose with $$eta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds. What is the primary function of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Structural support

Question 3

Which part of an amino acid determines its unique chemical properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds or van der Waals interactions?

Accepted Answer

R side-chain group

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve more compounds in greater concentrations than any other solvent.

Question 5

Which of the following is a monomer of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Sugar

Question 6

What type of bond links amino acid monomers together to form proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

A branched polysaccharide found in animal liver is most likely to contain which types of glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4$$ and $$\alpha$-1,6 bonds

Question 9

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides, such as ATP and GTP, are only functional in a cell once they are polymerized into nucleic acids.

Question 10

Which chemical reaction is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers, and what is released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration); water is released

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 13

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 14

A protein loses its 3D structure after exposure to high heat. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

It will lose its function (denaturation)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about protein folding is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Proteins can refold if correct conditions are restored after denaturation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease caused by misfolded proteins?

Accepted Answer

Prion disease

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize the secondary structure of proteins and the double helix of DNA.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the directionality of nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of nucleotide monomers in cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage (ATP)

Question 20

A cell from a plant seed contains a lot of branched biopolymers formed by ringed monomers made by only C, H, and O atoms. What can you infer about this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains $$\alpha-1$$,4 and $$\alpha-1$$,6 glycosidic bonds

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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