Question 1

Which property of plant cells allows a single root cell from a carrot to develop into a whole new carrot plant, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Totipotency

Question 2

In the process of reproductive cloning in mammals, which step ensures that the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the donor organism?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of a donor nucleus into an enucleated egg cell

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for joining together DNA fragments during the creation of recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

A scientist wants to insert a human gene into a bacterial plasmid. Why must both the gene and the plasmid be cut with the same restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

To create compatible sticky ends for ligation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

An organism with a gene from another species

Question 6

Why do scientists use short tandem repeats (STRs) in DNA profiling rather than genes?

Accepted Answer

STRs are more variable among individuals

Question 7

Which of the following is a major ethical concern regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Unintended gene transfer to wild plants

Question 8

A DNA sequence is cut by the restriction enzyme EcoRI, which recognizes the sequence $$5'	ext{GAATTC}3'$$ and cuts between G and A. If a DNA molecule has three EcoRI sites, how many fragments will be produced?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 9

Which enzyme is used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) from an mRNA template?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 10

During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the purpose of heating the DNA sample to a high temperature?

Accepted Answer

To separate the DNA strands

Question 11

In gel electrophoresis, why do shorter DNA fragments move farther through the gel than longer fragments?

Accepted Answer

Shorter fragments encounter less resistance in the gel matrix

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cDNA is used instead of genomic DNA when expressing a eukaryotic gene in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

cDNA contains only exons, which can be translated by bacteria

Question 13

A forensic scientist is analyzing DNA from a crime scene using STR analysis. If the suspect and the crime scene DNA match at all tested STR loci, what is the most likely conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The DNA samples are likely from the same individual

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential limitation of reproductive cloning in animals?

Accepted Answer

Low success rate and possible health issues in clones

Question 15

What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

To map and sequence all human DNA and identify all genes

Question 16

Which of the following best describes gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

The alteration of an individual's genes to treat disease

Question 17

Why is it important to insert a gene of interest into an animal at the zygote stage to create a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

So the gene is present in all cells of the organism

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical use of biotechnology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Creating crops with lower nutritional value

Question 19

What is the function of a nucleic acid probe in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To bind to and mark the gene of interest

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the field of genomics?

Accepted Answer

The comparison and analysis of entire genomes

Biotechnology: Cloning, Genetic Engineering, and Genomics

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