Question 1

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic potential and transporting hormones, enzymes, and vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient presents with a high white blood cell count. What is the most likely physiological explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

The patient is fighting an infection.

Question 3

Which blood cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of events in blood clotting after a vessel is damaged?

Accepted Answer

Collagen released → Platelets adhere → Thromboplastin released → Thrombin formed → Fibrinogen converted to fibrin → Clot forms

Question 5

Which equation represents the main buffer system in blood for maintaining pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 6

A bruise changes color over time due to the breakdown of hemoglobin. Which molecule is responsible for the yellow color seen in the later stages?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 7

Which blood cell type is most likely to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues to perform phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 8

If a patient has a slow blood clotting rate (greater than 13 seconds), which protein deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Initiating blood clotting

Question 10

Which cell type is responsible for targeting and destroying infected cells, viruses, and cancer cells by binding to specific antigens?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 11

A patient with limited mobility develops a pressure sore on their heel. What is the primary cause of this injury?

Accepted Answer

Restricted blood flow due to prolonged pressure

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen via hemoglobin

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of physiological shock?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood volume and pressure

Question 14

Which protein in plasma is primarily responsible for supporting the immune system and transporting lipids?

Accepted Answer

Globulin

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes lack a nucleus and mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To maximize internal space for hemoglobin and improve oxygen transport

Question 16

Which equation best represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin + Thromboplastin + Ca$$^{2+}$$ \rightarrow Thrombin}$$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely be observed in a blood test of a patient with a contusion?

Accepted Answer

Elevated bilirubin levels

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating blood clotting by forming a net-like structure with fibrin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of carbonic acid ($$\mathrm{H_2CO_3}) in $$blood?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a buffer to maintain blood pH.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason for a patient to have a fast blood clotting rate?

Accepted Answer

Elevated thromboplastin activity

Blood: Composition, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions