Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct base-pairing rule for RNA during transcription?

$$\text{U}$$ pairs with $$\text{A}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of tumor-suppressor genes in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They encode proteins that inhibit cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth.

Question 2

A proto-oncogene can become an oncogene through which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A mutation within the gene, multiple copies of the gene, or a mutation within a control region of DNA.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why malignant tumors are more dangerous than benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body.

Question 5

During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome and match them to the coded mRNA message.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that has not spread to other tissues and does not affect surrounding structures. What type of tumor is this?

Accepted Answer

Benign

Question 7

Which of the following codons signals the start of translation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 8

Which treatment method uses the body’s own immune system to target and destroy cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Immunotherapy

Question 9

A mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene results in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to loss of growth inhibition

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a virus that can cause cancer by inserting its nucleic acid into host DNA?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of a mutation in a proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Increased apoptosis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle control system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a set of proteins that triggers and coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cancer is considered a disease of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells divide excessively due to a failure in the cell cycle control system.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct base-pairing rule for RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{U}$$ pairs with $$	ext{A}$$

Question 16

A scientist observes that a cell has accumulated several mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle. What is the most likely outcome for this cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell may become cancerous and divide uncontrollably.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of ribosomes during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA to make polypeptides.

Question 18

Which of the following codons does NOT code for an amino acid and instead signals the termination of translation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{UAA}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 20

A cancer patient is being treated with a drug that disrupts cell division by interfering with the mitotic spindle. Which type of treatment is this?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Cancer and Protein Synthesis: Cell Cycle, Genetic Regulation, and Molecular Mechanisms

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