Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of acetic acid, as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{-COOH})$$

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C_2H_6} is $$classified as which type of hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

Alkane

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different connectivity of atoms

Question 4

If the pH of a solution decreases from 7 to 6, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H^+}]$$ increases to 10 times what it was at pH 7

Question 5

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$\mathrm{-NH_2$})$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enantiomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are mirror images of each other and can have different biological effects

Question 7

What is the main reason that water molecules are attracted to each other?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Which functional group is responsible for the polarity and hydrogen bonding ability of ethanol?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH})$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of a methyl group ($$\mathrm{-CH_3$}) on a $$molecule?

Accepted Answer

It affects the expression of genes and the shape/function of sex hormones

Question 10

Which functional group contributes a negative charge and enables a molecule to react with water, releasing energy?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$\mathrm{-$$OPO_3$$^{2-}})$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a cis-trans isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with double bonds where substituents are on the same or opposite sides

Question 12

Which functional group is most likely to form a cross-link that stabilizes protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$\mathrm{-SH})$$

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is an example of a ring structure in hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

Cyclohexane

Question 14

Which functional group is present in both estradiol and testosterone, but differs in position and type between the two molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH})$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen?

Accepted Answer

They are enantiomers with different biological effects

Question 16

Which functional group is found in sugars and can be either a ketone or an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($$\mathrm{\u003eC=O})$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the shape of a molecule determines its function?

Accepted Answer

The shape allows molecules to fit into specific enzymes or receptors

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of branching in hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

2-methylpropane (isobutane)

Question 19

Which functional group is most likely to affect gene expression and the function of sex hormones?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$\mathrm{-CH_3$})$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes selective pressure in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

A change in the environment that may result in organisms with different characteristics having differential survival

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Structure, Function, and Nomenclature of Organic Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions