$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and hydrophobic due to their C-H bonds.

Question 2

Which reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in cell walls

Question 5

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbons, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone with two fatty acid tails and a polar head group

Question 7

Which functional group is responsible for making amino acids act as bases?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 8

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides usable energy for cellular work.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

A patient is unable to digest milk sugar due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage

Question 12

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

Denaturation of a protein can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Addition of a compatible solute

Question 15

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water

Question 17

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and the bases A, T, G, C.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg causes the egg white proteins to denature and solidify.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 20

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may fold incorrectly and lose its function.

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions