Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Checkpoints are critical control points where stop and go-ahead signals regulate the cell cycle, ensuring proper completion of cellular processes before proceeding.

Question 2

A cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will complete the S, G2, and M phases and divide.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition and stop dividing when they touch other cells.

Question 4

A frameshift mutation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

One or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted, altering the reading frame of the gene.

Question 5

Which equation represents the chromosome number in a zygote after fertilization involving a gamete with nondisjunction (extra chromosome)?

Accepted Answer

$$2n + 1$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why most human embryos with abnormal chromosome numbers are spontaneously aborted?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal chromosome numbers usually result in severe genetic imbalances that disrupt normal development.

Question 7

Which type of mutation is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 8

What is the effect of the drug Taxol on cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Taxol freezes the mitotic spindle, preventing cells from proceeding past metaphase.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission is a type of cell division in prokaryotes where the cell divides in half, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes density-dependent inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Cells stop dividing when they form a single layer and touch one another.

Question 11

A person with Down syndrome has which chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the hemoglobin gene.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the G0 phase?

Accepted Answer

A nondividing state that cells enter if they do not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors are invasive and can impair the functions of one or more organs.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the mechanism that prevents anaphase from beginning until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochores not attached to spindle microtubules send a molecular signal that delays anaphase.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes may have too many or too few chromosomes, leading to syndromes such as Down syndrome.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of growth factors on cultured animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Growth factors stimulate further cell division when provided to cells that have stopped dividing.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about chromosome mutations?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome mutations may involve changing the structure of a chromosome, such as deletion, inversion, duplication, translocation, or nondisjunction.

Question 19

Which equation represents the number of chromosomes in a gamete after nondisjunction in meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

$$n + 1$$

Cell Cycle Regulation, Cancer, and Chromosomal Mutations

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