Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size, as illustrated by the surface area-to-volume ratio in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

During binary fission in prokaryotes, which of the following occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Duplication of the chromosome

Question 3

Which structure is unique to eukaryotic chromosomes and not found in prokaryotic chromosomes, as shown in the chromatin and condensed chromosome structure image?

Accepted Answer

Histones

Question 4

If a human cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 5

Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by the duplication of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

A scientist observes a cell with a single circular DNA molecule and no nucleus. Which process is most likely responsible for its division?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the genetic relationship between offspring produced by asexual reproduction and their parent?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 8

Given the diploid chromosome numbers in the table, which organism has the highest number of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Goldfish

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the human genome is correct?

Accepted Answer

The human genome contains approximately 20,000–23,000 protein-coding genes.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area of a cube with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6 	imes l^2$

Question 11

If a cell's surface area is $$150$$ and its volume is $$125$$, what is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$1.2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the series of images depicting a prokaryotic cell dividing?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission, where the chromosome is duplicated and the cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear.

Question 14

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for division by duplicating organelles and increasing in size?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a grape has more protein-coding genes than a human, as shown in the gene number chart?

Accepted Answer

Gene number does not directly correlate with organismal complexity.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the mitotic phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 17

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to skip the S phase of the cell cycle. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not duplicate its DNA and will be unable to properly divide.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They help package DNA into a compact, organized structure.

Question 19

If a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes in its diploid cells, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 20

Which of the following is a major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Cell Division and Reproduction: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Cycles

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