$$\text{Surface area-to-volume ratio} = \frac{6a^2$}{a^3$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size, as illustrated by the surface area-to-volume ratio in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

During binary fission in prokaryotes, as shown in the sequence of images, what is the correct order of events?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome duplication, elongation of the cell, separation of chromosomes, division into two daughter cells

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic chromosomes is correct, based on the images and study materials?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically a single circular DNA molecule associated with proteins.

Question 4

Which process is illustrated by the images showing two cells splitting apart, and what is its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; it allows prokaryotes to reproduce rapidly and colonize environments.

Question 5

Refer to the table of diploid chromosome numbers. Which statement is supported by this data?

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes does not directly correlate with the complexity of the organism.

Question 6

Based on the gene number chart, which organism has the highest number of protein-coding genes, and what does this suggest about genome complexity?

Accepted Answer

Grape; genome complexity is not solely determined by the number of protein-coding genes.

Question 7

What is the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically varied offspring.

Question 8

Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by DNA synthesis, and what is the main event occurring during this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; duplication of chromosomes

Question 9

If a human cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome as shown in the chromatin diagram?

Accepted Answer

DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes, which further coil and fold to form condensed chromosomes.

Question 11

During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for division by duplicating organelles and increasing in size?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of surface area-to-volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Surface area-to-volume ratio} = \frac{6a^2$}{a^3$}$$

Question 13

If a mutation caused a prokaryotic cell to fail to separate its chromosomes before division, what would be the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

One or both daughter cells would lack genetic material, potentially leading to cell death.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing genetic diversity in a population

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell with multiple chromosomes inside a nucleus. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryote

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromosome number and gene number in different species?

Accepted Answer

There is no direct correlation; some species with fewer chromosomes may have more genes than those with more chromosomes.

Cell Division and Reproduction: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Cycles

Study Guide - Practice Questions