Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To generate genetically identical daughter cells for growth and tissue repair

Question 2

During which process is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 3

If a chicken has 78 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$39$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome consists of a single, linear DNA molecule associated with proteins.

Question 5

What is the result of DNA replication in terms of chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Question 6

A human cell in G2 phase contains 46 chromosomes. How many DNA molecules are present in this cell?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why daughter cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated accurately before cell division, and each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a key role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 9

If a mutation occurs during DNA replication prior to mitosis, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Both daughter cells will inherit the mutation.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, gametes are haploid.

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with highly condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage of cell division is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Question 13

If a mutation caused a human somatic cell to undergo meiosis instead of mitosis, what would be the chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why gametes must have half the chromosome number of somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that fertilization restores the diploid number in the offspring

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of chromosome duplication during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 16

A mutation in a gene controlling the cell cycle leads to uncontrolled cell division. This is most likely to result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genes.

Question 18

If a fertilized egg undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis, producing two daughter cells, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have if the original cell had 46 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis, prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.

Question 20

A cell biologist observes that after DNA replication, a chromosome consists of two structures joined at a single point. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids

Cell Division and the Genetic Basis of Inheritance

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