Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and found in the nucleus.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A karyotype is used to analyze chromosomes. Which of the following can a karyotype NOT determine?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a specific gene mutation

Question 4

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy

Question 5

Which process increases genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 6

What is the main function of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To attach to chromosomes and separate sister chromatids

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer can result from errors in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cells bypass checkpoints and divide uncontrollably

Question 8

Which chromosomal mutation involves a section of a chromosome being reversed?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 9

A human cell with 47 chromosomes is most likely the result of which process?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction during meiosis

Question 10

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death

Question 13

A patient’s karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. What condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following is true about viral reproduction in the lysogenic cycle?

Accepted Answer

The viral DNA integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why asexual reproduction can be disadvantageous for a population?

Accepted Answer

It results in no genetic diversity.

Question 16

If a cell fails to pass the S checkpoint due to irreparable DNA damage, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo apoptosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a carcinogen that can cause DNA damage leading to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression?

Accepted Answer

It allows tumors to grow by providing them with nutrients and oxygen.

Question 19

Which chromosomal mutation involves the exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 20

A cell with a diploid number of 6 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete have?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Cell Division, Cell Cycle, and Genetic Stability: A Comprehensive Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions