Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the first image (stolon formation in plants)?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction through vegetative propagation

Question 2

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction in plants, as illustrated by the first image?

Accepted Answer

It allows for rapid colonization of an area by producing genetically identical offspring

Question 3

In the cell cycle diagram, which phase is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that the cell does not enter mitosis with damaged DNA?

Accepted Answer

G2/M checkpoint

Question 6

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells

Question 7

A person with Down syndrome has an extra chromosome 21. What is the total number of chromosomes in their somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$47$$

Question 8

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 9

If a cell fails to undergo cytokinesis after mitosis, what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

One cell with two nuclei

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why chemotherapy often causes side effects such as hair loss and nausea?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy halts the cell cycle in all rapidly dividing cells, including healthy ones

Question 11

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes in human cells?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 12

A male with Klinefelter syndrome has which of the following sex chromosome combinations?

Accepted Answer

XXY

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each parent contributes only one allele for each gene to their offspring

Question 14

If a heterozygous purple-flowered pea plant (Pp) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (pp), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 purple : 1 white

Question 15

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (XHXh) and a man who does not have hemophilia (XHY) have a son. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why PKU (phenylketonuria) is a recessive disease?

Accepted Answer

One functional allele is sufficient to prevent disease symptoms

Question 18

Which of the following is a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes RNA, which encodes protein

Unit 4

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards