Question 1

Which phase of prokaryotic cell growth is characterized by little or no cell division, but high metabolic activity such as enzyme and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Lag phase

Question 2

During binary fission in prokaryotes, what is the primary function of the FtsZ protein?

Accepted Answer

To form a ring that pinches the cell membrane during cytokinesis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA replication occurs simultaneously with other metabolic processes, while eukaryotic DNA replication is restricted to a specific cell cycle stage.

Question 4

A researcher inoculates a broth with E. coli and observes the following growth curve: initial slow increase, rapid exponential growth, plateau, and then decline. Which phase corresponds to the plateau?

Accepted Answer

Stationary phase

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the death phase in a closed prokaryotic culture system?

Accepted Answer

Increase in available nutrients

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, what is the main function of the centromere during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the attachment site for sister chromatids and kinetochore assembly

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs during the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 10

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with highly condensed chromosomes aligned at the cell's equator. Which mitotic phase is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for capturing microtubules and is essential for the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 12

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same types of genes but may have different alleles.

Question 13

Which phase of the prokaryotic growth curve is most affected by the accumulation of toxic waste products?

Accepted Answer

Death phase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins of replication?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are much longer than prokaryotic chromosomes.

Question 15

A mutation prevents the formation of the FtsZ ring in a bacterium. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will fail to complete cytokinesis and will not divide.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, while mitosis maintains the chromosome number.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the kinetochore during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It attaches chromosomes to spindle microtubules for segregation.

Question 18

If a yeast cell has $$n = 16$$ chromosomes in its haploid state, how many chromosomes are present after DNA replication but before cell division in a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

$$64$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1, S, and G2 together are called interphase.

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell with two centrosomes, condensed chromosomes, and a disassembling nuclear envelope. Which mitotic phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

LEC 15: Cell Division in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Binary Fission, Mitosis, and Meiosis

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