Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell imports specific molecules by using receptors that bind to ligands, forming clathrin-coated pits that pinch off into vesicles.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It provides shape and protects the cell from bursting in hypotonic environments.

Question 3

Penicillin is effective against certain bacteria because it inhibits which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

The cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains during cell wall synthesis.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about LDL and HDL is correct?

Accepted Answer

HDL is considered 'good' cholesterol because it transports excess cholesterol to the liver for removal.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst in hypotonic solutions, unlike animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that resists excessive water uptake.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of a symporter?

Accepted Answer

A protein that transports two different molecules in the same direction across a membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following is a component of peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following best explains the cellular process that contributes to the buildup of fatty plaques in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles by arterial cells, leading to cholesterol accumulation.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of clathrin in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Clathrin forms a coat on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, shaping it into a pit for vesicle formation.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about bacterial flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial flagella rotate using a proton (H+) gradient across the membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions prevents the movement of fluid between epithelial cells in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of lysozyme in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It hydrolyzes the $$\beta 1-4 $$linkages between NAG and NAM in bacterial cell walls.

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell membranes compared to bacterial and eukaryotic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ether linkages in membrane lipids.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It occurs only in growing cells during cell division.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow passage of water and small solutes between adjacent cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a cell junction and its function in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions – form a seal that prevents fluid movement between cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer that is more accessible to penicillin.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the capsule found in some bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It protects the cell from the environment and helps it adhere to surfaces.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA between bacteria via a sex pilus.

LEC 6: Cell Membranes, Transport, and Cell Walls: Structure and Function

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