$$\text{Nutrients} \rightarrow \text{New cell material}$$

$$\text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which structure in the bacterial cell is responsible for energy conservation via the proton motive force?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 2

The peptidoglycan layer in bacteria is composed of which two main polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 4

A scientist is using a petri dish with red agar to streak bacteria. What is the primary purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To isolate individual colonies for pure culture

Question 5

Which transport system in bacteria involves chemical modification of the transported substance and is driven by phosphoenolpyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Group translocation

Question 6

What is the main difference between the cell walls of Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan, Archaea do not

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial pili (fimbriae)?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and genetic exchange

Question 8

The human microbiome is most densely populated in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Question 9

Which equation best represents the conversion of nutrients to new cell material during bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Nutrients} ightarrow 	ext{New cell material}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a mutualistic symbiosis between humans and microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Gut bacteria aiding in digestion and vitamin production

Question 11

Which property is shared by all cells, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the human microbiome is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract starts after birth

Question 13

Which bacterial structure is primarily responsible for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of microbial symbiosis in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation in plants by Rhizobium bacteria

Question 15

Which equation best represents the energy conversion in the ABC transporter system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Question 17

Which bacterial cell structure is targeted by lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme found in saliva?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall (peptidoglycan)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the composition of the gut microbiome in adults?

Accepted Answer

Mainly obligate anaerobes

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and immune response

Question 20

Which equation best represents the genetic exchange between two bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Donor cell} + 	ext{Recipient cell} ightarrow 	ext{Recipient cell with new DNA}$$

MICROGIOLOGY WEEK 2: Cell Morphology and Microbe-Human Interactions: Structure, Function, and Impact of Microorganisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions