Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a feature found in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

Accepted Answer

It affects the ability of the cell to exchange materials with its environment

Question 3

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, which organelle is thought to have originated from an ancient cyanobacterium?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 4

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have their own circular DNA

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and quality control

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Structural support of the nucleus

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of protein and rRNA

Question 8

A cell is observed to have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell MOST likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A patient with Tay Sachs disease is unable to break down a specific glycolipid in nerve cells. Which organelle is defective?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the recycling of old or damaged organelles within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization by internal membranes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 14

Which of the following statements about chromatin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is DNA packaged with proteins called histones

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a central vacuole

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 17

A scientist discovers a cell with 70S ribosomes, a nucleoid, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this MOST likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Question 19

If a mutation prevents the phosphorylation of proteins in the Golgi apparatus, which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins will not be properly sorted to lysosomes

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume as a cell increases in size?

Accepted Answer

$$SA \propto n^2$, V$$ \propto $$n^3$$

LEC 7: Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions