Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why most cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient diffusion of substances.

Question 2

A spherical cell has a radius of 10 units. Using the formulas $	ext{Surface Area} = 4\pi r^2$ and $	ext{Volume} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$, what is the surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

0.3

Question 3

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but not in all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid region

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing secretory proteins and is studded with ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A liver cell is exposed to a toxic drug. Which organelle is most likely to increase its activity to detoxify the drug?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein sorting and modification

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Break down macromolecules using acid hydrolases

Question 8

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 9

A neuron is long and narrow. What advantage does this shape provide in terms of cell function?

Accepted Answer

It increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient diffusion of substances.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Which structure in animal cells is responsible for binding the extracellular matrix to the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integrins

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily involved in muscle contraction and intracellular movement of cargo?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells and are the site of ATP production.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Membrane transport, cell signaling, and cell adhesion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in mature plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Stores water, enzymes, and inorganic ions; creates a space-filling function

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-membrane structure enclosing the nucleus and is continuous with the ER membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of bacterial cell wall structure?

Accepted Answer

Susceptibility to antibiotics often depends on the structure of the cell wall.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of sorting signals in proteins?

Accepted Answer

They direct proteins to their correct location within the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a semiautonomous organelle and what does 'semiautonomous' mean?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; acting independently to some degree

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for College Biology

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