Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Bacteria reproduce primarily by a process called binary fission. If a single bacterium divides every 20 minutes, how many bacteria will there be after 2 hours, starting with one cell? Use the formula $N = N_0 	imes 2^{n}$, where $N_0$ is the initial number of cells and $n$ is the number of divisions.

Accepted Answer

64

Question 3

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotes and allows them to survive harsh conditions by forming a thick-shelled protective container?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 4

Which domain includes organisms that often live in extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following best explains the breakdown in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The body fails to produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood sugar.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which bacteria can transfer DNA between cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the capsule in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection and allows the cell to adhere to surfaces.

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world example of negative feedback maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon

Question 9

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can evolve through natural selection despite not being alive.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system during an infection?

Accepted Answer

It sweeps invading microbes into lymph nodes, where they are attacked by lymphocytes.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of prions?

Accepted Answer

They are infectious proteins that disrupt brain function.

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the body against physical harm

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why soap and water are more effective at killing germs than antibacterial hand sanitizers?

Accepted Answer

Soap and water physically remove germs from the skin.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nutritional habits of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Some prokaryotes can synthesize their own food directly from the environment.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It is the multiplication of lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of emotional stress on the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Emotional stress can trigger the release of hormones that may suppress immunity.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of viroids?

Accepted Answer

Viroids are small, circular RNA molecules that infect plants.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of reverse transcriptase in the HIV life cycle?

Accepted Answer

It converts viral RNA into DNA, allowing integration into the host genome.

Cell Structure, Prokaryotes, and Infectious Diseases: Study Notes for Biology Core Concepts

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