Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 2

Which structure is found in ALL types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 3

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells that lack a nucleus and have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this organism most likely composed of?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration? Use the following equation to support your answer:

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP)}}$$

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates that move freely

Question 6

Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is the site of photosynthesis? Use the following equation:

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins to their correct destinations within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down waste and cellular debris

Question 10

A mutation prevents a cell from forming microtubules. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack cell walls made of peptidoglycan

Question 12

Which organelle is directly involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A cell is observed to have cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Move fluid across the cell's surface

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and moving organelles

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for making ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Which organelle is most directly involved in the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

A cell is unable to export proteins out of the cell. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain a rigid structure while animal cells cannot?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose

Cell Theory and Organelles: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards