Question 1

Which of the following best describes passive transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, without energy input.

Question 2

Where in the human body does active transport play a critical role in nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys and intestines

Question 3

Osmosis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion because:

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels to move molecules down the concentration gradient.

Question 5

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Question 7

How does anaphase ensure genetic consistency in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

By separating sister chromatids to opposite poles.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, meiosis produces genetically unique cells.

Question 9

Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces chromosome number by half, allowing restoration of diploid number at fertilization.

Question 10

Which process during meiosis increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G2 phase. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide with DNA errors, leading to malfunction or disease.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why daughter cells from mitosis are genetically identical?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are separated evenly during anaphase.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the chromosome number change during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 14

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

What is the main function of cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

To divide the cytoplasm and form two separate cells

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a way meiosis contributes to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Equal separation of sister chromatids during mitosis

Question 17

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by errors in the cell cycle. Which phase is most likely affected if the error is in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically unique

Question 19

Which process is essential for the repair of tissues in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle ensures genetic stability and tissue maintenance.

Cell Transport and the Cell Cycle: Passive and Active Transport, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Study Guide - Practice Questions