Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as:

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded throughout

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 5

Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer

Question 6

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

Question 8

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by wrapping its membrane around it and forming a vesicle. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the reason that lipids and proteins are free to move laterally in membranes?

Accepted Answer

There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 12

A mutation causes a cell to lack aquaporins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 13

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

If a cell's lysosomes burst, what would be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell would digest itself due to released hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with a well-developed cytoskeleton. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration} $$

LESSON 1: Cells and Cell Membrane: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions