Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Builds proteins, synthesizes, modifies, and packages them

Question 2

A liver cell is exposed to high levels of alcohol. Which organelle is most likely to increase its activity in response, and why?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER, because it detoxifies alcohol

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Packages proteins for secretion

Question 4

A mutation prevents the Golgi apparatus from functioning properly. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein collection, storage, packaging, and distribution

Question 5

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 6

If a cell is unable to store calcium, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of secretory vesicles in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They transport proteins out of the cell

Question 8

A genetic disorder causes the lysosomes in a cell to lack digestive enzymes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Macromolecules will accumulate in the cell

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and metabolizing carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 10

A cell is observed to have an abundance of secretory vesicles near its plasma membrane. What can you infer about this cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is actively secreting proteins or other substances

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome: digests macromolecules

Question 12

Which organelle would be most abundant in pancreatic cells that secrete digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER

Question 13

A cell is unable to modify and package proteins for export. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the vacuole in a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

Contains proteins used by the cell

Question 15

Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein from synthesis to secretion out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 16

Which organelle is most directly involved in the breakdown of old or damaged cell parts?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 17

A cell is unable to metabolize carbohydrates efficiently. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells have an abundance of smooth ER?

Accepted Answer

They need to store large amounts of calcium for contraction

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for collecting, storing, packaging, and distributing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

A cell is observed to have defective protein modification and secretion. Which two organelles are most likely involved in this defect?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Cellular Organelles: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions