Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The cell duplicates its circular chromosome, elongates, and divides into two genetically identical cells.

Question 2

A researcher observes a cell with a clearly visible metaphase plate and chromosomes aligned at the cell's equator. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible chromosome combinations in human gametes due to independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 4

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during cytokinesis. What is the primary function of the cell plate?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the site where new cell wall material is deposited, separating the two daughter cells

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci, but may have different alleles.

Question 6

A human cell with 47 chromosomes is most likely the result of which meiotic error?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They ignore signals that regulate the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled division.

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

A zygote divides repeatedly to form a multicellular embryo. Which process is responsible for this development?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 10

Which of the following chromosomal alterations is least likely to cause harmful effects?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 11

If a cell has 12 chromosomes at the start of meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete have at the end of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 12

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between non-sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 13

A cell is observed with chromosomes that have separated and are moving toward opposite poles, but the nuclear envelope has not yet reformed. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate from vesicles.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a recombinant chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome that carries DNA segments from both parents due to crossing over.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Which chromosomal event is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 during mitosis

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Females have two homologous X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Down syndrome is more common than other autosomal trisomies?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 is the only trisomy that allows survival into adulthood.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of density-dependent inhibition in normal animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells stop dividing when they touch neighboring cells.

Question 20

If a human somatic cell is observed to have 92 chromatids during mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

46

Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetic Variation

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