$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 2

During which stage of aerobic cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 4

If a human muscle cell is deprived of oxygen during intense exercise, which process will it use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before separation?

Accepted Answer

M (metaphase) checkpoint

Question 7

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene

Question 8

Which process is responsible for generating genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 9

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploid cells with abnormal chromosome numbers

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation only uses glycolysis, which yields a small amount of ATP.

Question 11

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of tumor-suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit cell division

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

They can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation depending on oxygen availability.

Question 15

What is the main purpose of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To ensure damaged or mutated DNA is repaired before replication

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, while oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the electron transport chain.

Question 17

Which event occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle forms

Question 18

What is the result of meiosis II in animals?

Accepted Answer

Four genetically diverse haploid gametes

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the sour taste of yogurt?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation by bacteria

Question 20

Which equation would you use to calculate the number of possible genetic combinations due to independent assortment in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n ($$where $$n is $$the haploid number of chromosomes)

Cellular Respiration, Cell Cycle, and Meiosis: Core Concepts and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions