Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

$$2 \text{ADP} + 2 \text{P}_i \rightarrow 2 \text{ATP}$$

Q: Photosystem II initiates the light reactions of photosynthesis by splitting water. Which equation best represents this process?

$$2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 4 \text{H}^+ + 4 \text{e}^- + \text{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which process allows yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen, and what is the primary purpose of this pathway?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol fermentation; to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 2

During heavy exercise, muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation. What is the main reason for this metabolic shift?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen supply is insufficient for aerobic respiration

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ADP} + 2 	ext{P}_i ightarrow 2 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis, and what is its structural feature that enables this function?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a; porphyrin ring with a central magnesium ion

Question 5

What is the fate of light that is not absorbed by chlorophyll in a leaf?

Accepted Answer

It is either reflected or transmitted

Question 6

Photosystem II initiates the light reactions of photosynthesis by splitting water. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 4 	ext{H}^+ + 4 	ext{e}^- + 	ext{O}_2$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces organic molecules and O2, which are used in cellular respiration to generate ATP

Question 8

A spectrophotometer is used to measure the concentration of a pigment in solution. Which law explains the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration?

Accepted Answer

Beer-Lambert Law

Question 9

If a spectrophotometer reads high transmittance and low absorbance for a sample, what does this indicate about the concentration of the pigment?

Accepted Answer

The pigment concentration is low

Question 10

Why is it important to use a 'blank' when calibrating a spectrophotometer before measuring absorbance?

Accepted Answer

To set the absorbance baseline to 0.0, accounting for all components except the molecule of interest

Question 11

Which wavelengths of light are most strongly absorbed by chlorophyll a, based on its absorption spectrum?

Accepted Answer

Blue (~430 nm) and red (~660 nm)

Question 12

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADP+

Question 13

Which equation represents the conversion of light energy to chemical energy during the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Light} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{NADP}^+ + 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i ightarrow 	ext{O}_2 + 	ext{NADPH} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of fermentation by microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of bread, beer, and pickles

Question 15

A student measures the absorbance of a tea sample at different concentrations and plots the data. Which type of graph should they use to determine the concentration from absorbance?

Accepted Answer

A standard curve (absorbance vs. concentration)

Question 16

Which process is the reverse of aerobic respiration in terms of reactants and products?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 17

What is the main function of the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a site for light reactions and increase surface area for light absorption

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plants appear green to our eyes?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red wavelengths, reflecting green light

Question 19

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen and switches to lactic acid fermentation. Which equation best represents the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pyruvate} + 	ext{NADH} + 	ext{H}^+ ightarrow 	ext{Lactate} + 	ext{NAD}^+$$

Chapter 9 Lecture + Begin Chapter 10

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards