Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles present only in eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism with DNA located in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Domain Archaea

Question 3

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the genetic material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and found in the nucleoid region, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the ribosomes found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA sequences

Question 6

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes, but no visible nucleus or mitochondria. Which type of cell is the student most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which is not present in human cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells that allows for compartmentalization of cellular functions?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 9

If a mutation caused the plasma membrane of a cell to become non-selective, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell would lose control over the movement of substances, potentially leading to cell death.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the evolutionary relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is supported by current scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the development of internal membrane-bound structures.

Chapter 1: Themes in the Study of Life – Foundations of Biology

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