Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in DNA cloning?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, creating sticky or blunt ends for ligation.

Question 2

During the process of DNA cloning, what is the primary function of the antibiotic resistance gene on a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

To allow only bacteria with the plasmid to survive in the presence of antibiotics.

Question 3

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{GAATTC}\ 3'$$

Question 4

In the CRISPR-Cas9 system, what is the function of the single guide RNA (sgRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It directs the Cas9 protein to a specific DNA sequence for cleavage.

Question 5

Which repair mechanism is most likely to introduce insertions or deletions at the site of a CRISPR-Cas9-induced double-strand break?

Accepted Answer

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a required component of a PCR reaction?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes

Question 7

During PCR, what occurs at the highest temperature step (typically around $$95^\circC$$)?

Accepted Answer

DNA strands separate (denaturation).

Question 8

Why do dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) terminate DNA synthesis in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

They lack a 3' hydroxyl group, preventing further elongation.

Question 9

A forensic scientist is comparing DNA samples using STR analysis. If a child has an STR band not present in either parent, what is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation occurred in the child's DNA.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?

Accepted Answer

A variation in a single base pair at a specific position in the genome.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

Accepted Answer

Editing genes to create disease-resistant crops.

Question 12

What is the main reason why PCR can amplify a specific DNA region exponentially?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA strand serves as a template in subsequent cycles.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sticky ends are useful in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They allow complementary base pairing between DNA fragments.

Question 14

In a PCR reaction, what is the purpose of the primers?

Accepted Answer

To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the human genome is correct based on genome sequencing studies?

Accepted Answer

Transposable elements make up a significant portion of the human genome.

Question 16

Which step in the process of DNA cloning ensures that only bacteria containing the plasmid survive?

Accepted Answer

Selection using an antibiotic-containing medium.

Question 17

A scientist wants to insert a gene into a plasmid using EcoRI. Which property of EcoRI makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

EcoRI creates sticky ends that can base pair with complementary sequences.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key insight gained from sequencing many genomes?

Accepted Answer

There is not always a direct relationship between genome size and number of genes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA fingerprinting?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying and comparing STR regions to identify individuals.

Chapter 20: Biotechnology, DNA Cloning, and Genomics

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