Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form large and diverse organic molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form covalent bonds with four other atoms

Question 2

Isomers are molecules that share the same molecular formula but differ in their structural arrangement. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of isomers?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose, both with the formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 3

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group $$\mathrm{(-NH_2$)}$$

Question 4

A dehydration reaction is used to build polymers from monomers. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$Monomer_1$$ + $$Monomer_2$$ \rightarrow Polymer + H_2O}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 6

Why are fats considered hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mostly of nonpolar carbon and hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

Question 8

Trans fats are produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils. What is a major health risk associated with trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Question 9

Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes. Which structural feature distinguishes phospholipids from fats?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids contain a phosphate group and two fatty acid tails

Question 10

Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Which process breaks down proteins into their amino acid monomers during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 11

A protein’s tertiary structure is primarily stabilized by interactions among which part of the amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a denatured protein loses its function?

Accepted Answer

The protein’s specific three-dimensional shape is lost

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 14

Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotides. Which components make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 15

DNA is described as a double helix. What role does complementary base pairing play in DNA’s function?

Accepted Answer

It enables accurate replication and transmission of genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein

Question 17

Which chemical group is NOT found in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group $$\mathrm{(-PO_4$)}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is digestible by humans, while cellulose is not

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why anabolic steroids are considered risky for human health?

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems

Question 20

Which of the following chemical groups is hydrophilic and commonly found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group $$\mathrm{(-PO_4$)}$$

Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells – Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

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