Question 1

Which of the following best describes a macromolecule in the context of biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A large biological molecule that can form polymers from repeating monomer subunits.

Question 2

Which reaction is responsible for the synthesis of a polymer from monomers, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water ($$H_2O) is $$released.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 4

A student eats a meal rich in cellulose. What happens to most of the cellulose in their digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

It passes through as insoluble fiber and is eliminated in feces.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the structure of glucose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glucose can exist in both linear and ring forms, with the ring form predominating in aqueous solutions.

Question 6

What type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and why can't humans digest it?

Accepted Answer

Beta-1,4-glycosidic linkage; humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze this bond.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains lack double bonds, allowing them to pack closely together.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined by removing a molecule of water ($$H_2O).$$

Question 9

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

A triglyceride is formed by the joining of which components, and what type of bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids; ester linkage.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of cis double bonds causes kinks, preventing tight packing of fatty acid chains.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding a molecule of water ($$H_2O).$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of enzyme specificity in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they lack enzymes to hydrolyze beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages, while cellulose contains beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not formed from repeating monomeric subunits.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a hexose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of branching in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Branching increases the number of ends available for rapid release of glucose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic linkage through a dehydration reaction.

Bio 100 Lec Chapter 5 Part 1

Study Guide - Practice Questions