Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $

Question 1

Which model best describes the structure of the plasma membrane, as shown in the first image provided?

Accepted Answer

The fluid mosaic model

Question 2

What is the primary function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They perform various functions, including transport, signaling, and structural support.

Question 3

Which property of the plasma membrane allows it to control the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 4

Why is the formation of a simple lipid bilayer membrane not sufficient for the origin of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins are also needed for selective transport and communication.

Question 5

Which process is illustrated by the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink as water leaves the cell

Question 7

Which type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

What is the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid diffusion of water across the membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The export of bulky molecules out of the cell via vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Question 10

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens during the diffusion of a solute across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of the system increases as the solute spreads out.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $

Question 12

Which statement best explains how enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 13

In the enzyme catalytic cycle shown in the second image, what is the role of the active site?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A metabolic pathway is shut down when the end product binds to an enzyme early in the pathway.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site of an enzyme, blocking substrate binding.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Certain pesticides act as irreversible inhibitors of enzymes in insect nervous systems.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves solutes against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a process in which specific molecules are taken into the cell after binding to receptors on the cell surface.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy

Question 20

What determines whether enzyme inhibition is reversible or irreversible?

Accepted Answer

The nature of the chemical bonds formed between the inhibitor and the enzyme

Chapter 5: The Working Cell – Membrane Structure, Transport, Energy, and Enzymes

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