$$\text{Blood Pressure} = \text{Blood Flow} \times \text{Resistance}$$

$$\text{Osmotic Pressure} = \text{Concentration of Plasma Proteins} \times \text{Gas Constant} \times \text{Temperature}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the circulatory system in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

To transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Pressure} = 	ext{Blood Flow} 	imes 	ext{Resistance}$$

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a malfunctioning sinoatrial (SA) node. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The ventricles will contract out of sync, causing an erratic heart rhythm

Question 4

Which blood vessel type is primarily responsible for gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 5

In mammals, which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

Open systems use hemolymph, which bathes organs directly in sinuses

Question 7

During the cardiac cycle, what event is responsible for the 'lub' sound heard with a stethoscope?

Accepted Answer

Closing of the AV valves

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood volume by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

A blood vessel is observed to have thick smooth muscle and elastic layers, and carries blood away from the heart. What type of vessel is this?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of an electrical impulse through the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the double circulation found in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Blood passes through the heart twice during each complete circuit: once through the pulmonary circuit and once through the systemic circuit

Question 13

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 14

A person with a deficiency in platelets would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in forming blood clots

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the osmotic balance maintained by plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osmotic Pressure} = 	ext{Concentration of Plasma Proteins} 	imes 	ext{Gas Constant} 	imes 	ext{Temperature}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves?

Accepted Answer

To prevent backflow of blood and assist in returning blood to the heart

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a blocked artery in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen supply to cardiac muscle, potentially causing a heart attack

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the clotting cascade?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin → Thrombin → Fibrinogen → Fibrin

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of fenestrated capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They have openings that allow for rapid exchange of substances

Question 20

Which hormone would be released in response to high blood volume to decrease blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Ch: 34 Circulatory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions