Question 1

Which type of species interaction is depicted in the first image (a plant growing on the side of a tree without harming it)?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 2

In the mutualistic relationship between acacia ants and acacia trees, what is the primary benefit received by the ants?

Accepted Answer

Nectar and shelter provided by the tree

Question 3

Which equation best represents the effect of competition on the fitness of two species?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta W_1$ \u003c 0, \ \Delta W_2$ \u003c 0$$

Question 4

A bear catching and eating a fish is an example of which type of interaction?

Accepted Answer

Predation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes character displacement?

Accepted Answer

Genetically based divergence in traits that reduces competition

Question 6

If two species require identical resources and are placed in the same environment, what is the likely outcome according to the competitive exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

One species will be excluded and the other will persist

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of parasitism?

Accepted Answer

A caterpillar with wasp larvae feeding on it

Question 8

Which of the following equations represents mutualism?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta W_1$ \u003e 0, \ \Delta W_2$ \u003e 0$$

Question 9

How can environmental conditions impact species interactions?

Accepted Answer

They can change the outcome of interactions, such as shifting mutualism to parasitism

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of niche partitioning?

Accepted Answer

Two beetle species burying brood balls at different depths to reduce competition

Question 11

Which type of interaction is represented by the following diagram?

$$\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 2 \
+ & 0 \
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of competition between two species?

Accepted Answer

Increased mutualism

Question 13

Which of the following best describes coevolution?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal evolutionary changes in interacting species

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of intraspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

Two ant colonies of the same species competing for food

Question 15

Which of the following is a fitness proxy commonly used to measure the effect of species interactions?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

If the population of an introduced dung beetle species increases in a field, what is the likely effect on the average number of brood balls produced by a native dung beetle species using the same resource?

Accepted Answer

The average number would decrease over time

Question 17

Which of the following is true about mutualisms?

Accepted Answer

Both species benefit, but cheaters can exist

Question 18

Which of the following is a consumptive interaction?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between niche partitioning and character displacement?

Accepted Answer

Character displacement can drive niche partitioning, and vice versa

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of interspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

Two species of beetles competing for underground space

Community Ecology: Species Interactions and Their Outcomes

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