Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche, as illustrated in the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

A fundamental niche is the full range of resources an organism can use without competition, while a realized niche is the range it actually uses due to competition.

Question 2

Based on the graph showing hare and lynx populations over time, which of the following best explains the population cycles observed?

Accepted Answer

The hare population increases first, followed by a rise in lynx population due to increased food availability.

Question 3

Which type of species interaction is represented by the tapeworm in the provided image?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 4

A tick, as shown in the image, is an example of which type of ecological relationship?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism, because it feeds on the host's blood without usually killing it.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the ecological role of the bird shown in the image, which lays its eggs in the nests of other birds?

Accepted Answer

It is a parasite because it relies on another species to raise its young.

Question 6

The caterpillar feeding on a leaf, as shown in the image, is an example of which type of interaction?

Accepted Answer

Herbivory, because it consumes plant material.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the bee and the flower in the image?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism, because both the bee and the flower benefit from the interaction.

Question 8

According to the trophic pyramid shown, if producers have 1000 units of energy, how much energy is available to tertiary consumers?

Accepted Answer

1 unit

Question 9

Using the food web diagram, which organism is most likely to be considered a keystone species if its removal causes a trophic cascade?

Accepted Answer

Top predator such as the hawk or cormorant

Question 10

In the sea otter diagram, what is the ecological consequence of removing the keystone species?

Accepted Answer

Kelp forests decline due to overgrazing by sea urchins.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the energy transfer between trophic levels, given that only 10% of energy is passed on?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{n+1} = 0.1 	imes E_n$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes primary succession as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

It begins on bare rock with no soil or living organisms present.

Question 13

Which environmental variables are most important in determining the type of biome in a region, according to the map and chart?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and precipitation

Question 14

If a non-native species is introduced and rapidly spreads, disrupting native populations, it is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An invasive species

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of resource partitioning?

Accepted Answer

Two bird species feed on insects in different parts of the same tree.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

It occurs after a disturbance where soil and some living organisms remain.

Question 17

Which biome is characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures, as shown in the climate diagram?

Accepted Answer

Desert

Question 18

If a community is resistant to disturbance, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The community remains largely unchanged despite disturbance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of removing a keystone species from a community?

Accepted Answer

A trophic cascade occurs, affecting multiple trophic levels.

Community Ecology: Species Interactions, Energy Flow, Succession, and Biomes

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