Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the property of homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A human sweating to cool down when body temperature rises.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives fertilizer, the other does not. Which is the manipulated (independent) variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer.

Question 3

Which property of water allows tall trees to transport water from their roots to their leaves against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion working together in capillary action

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a mutation in DNA can affect the structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can alter the sequence of amino acids coded by the gene.

Question 10

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 11

In a population, the frequency of allele $$p is 0.7 $$and allele $$q is 0.3. $$According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of plants where intermediate height is favored over very short or very tall plants.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pathway of blood flow through the human heart and body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body

Question 15

Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for phototropism, causing a plant stem to bend toward light?

Accepted Answer

Auxin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organisms.

Question 17

If a food chain has 10,000 kcal of energy at the producer level, how much energy is available to the tertiary consumer, assuming a 10% transfer at each trophic level?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$ kcal

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the xylem in plants?

Accepted Answer

Transporting water and minerals from roots to shoots

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The release of insulin lowers blood glucose levels after a meal.

Comprehensive Biology Honors Final Exam Study Guide

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