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Comprehensive Study Notes for BIOL195: The Smaller Side of Life (Augmented)

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Characteristics of Life

Life's Organizational Hierarchy

Introduction to Taxonomy

Scientific Method

Experimental Design

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

Isotopes

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonding

Hydrogen Bonding

Introduction to Water

Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion

Properties of Water- Thermal

Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent

Acids and Bases

pH Scale

Carbon

Functional Groups

Introduction to Biomolecules

Monomers & Polymers

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Energy

ATP

Enzymes

Enzyme Activation Energy

Enzyme Binding Factors

Enzyme Inhibition

Introduction to Metabolism

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Pyruvate Oxidation

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Chemiosmosis

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Introduction to Photosynthesis

Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy

Pigments of Photosynthesis

Stages of Photosynthesis

Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

Calvin Cycle

Photorespiration

C3, C4 & CAM Plants

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Endosymbiotic Theory

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Cell Junctions

Biological Membranes

Types of Membrane Proteins

Concentration Gradients and Diffusion

Introduction to Membrane Transport

Passive vs. Active Transport

Osmosis

Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Microscopes