Q: In the Calvin cycle, which enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation, and what is the chemical equation for this step?

RuBisCO; $$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{RuBP} \rightarrow 2\,3\text{-}\mathrm{PGA}$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct summary equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis, as illustrated in the thylakoid membrane diagrams?

Accepted Answer

To use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH while releasing oxygen from water

Question 2

In the Calvin cycle, which enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation, and what is the chemical equation for this step?

Accepted Answer

RuBisCO; $$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{RuBP} ightarrow 2\,3	ext{-}\mathrm{PGA}$$

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP, and what is the approximate net ATP yield from this stage?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; 28–34 ATP

Question 4

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, and what is the resulting product?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; water

Question 5

In the lac operon system, what happens when lactose is present in the environment?

Accepted Answer

Allolactose binds to the lac repressor, causing it to release from the operator and allowing transcription

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It exchanges genetic material between non-sister chromatids, creating recombinant chromosomes

Question 7

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr x YyRr) produces a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. What does this ratio represent?

Accepted Answer

9 yellow, round; 3 yellow, wrinkled; 3 green, round; 1 green, wrinkled

Question 8

Which of the following statements about gene linkage is correct?

Accepted Answer

Linked genes are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific sequences, enabling the insertion of foreign genes into vectors

Question 10

In gel electrophoresis, which factor most directly determines how far a DNA fragment will migrate through the gel?

Accepted Answer

The fragment's size (length in base pairs)

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of Y-linked traits?

Accepted Answer

Y-linked traits are inherited exclusively from father to son

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration phase

Question 14

A male inherits an X-linked recessive allele for color blindness from his mother. What is the expected phenotype?

Accepted Answer

He will express color blindness because he has only one X chromosome

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasmids in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Encoding proteins for DNA replication

Question 16

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for halving the chromosome number, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I; two haploid cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the principle behind DNA separation in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

DNA fragments are separated based on their size, with smaller fragments migrating further

Question 18

Which enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together after restriction enzyme digestion in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Production of human insulin in bacteria

Comprehensive Study Notes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Gene Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards