Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function, and function can also influence structure in living organisms.

Question 2

Which emergent property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of insects to walk on water?

Accepted Answer

Cohesive behavior

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of $$[H^+] is $$higher than $$[OH^-].$$

Question 4

Which functional group is most likely to act as an acid in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a property of phospholipids that makes them essential for cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are completely soluble in water.

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids make membranes less fluid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, allowing tight packing.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will undergo plasmolysis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 12

During aerobic cellular respiration, most ATP is produced during which stage?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about feedback mechanisms in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback regulates biological systems by reducing the output.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of an acid-base buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in blood

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and prevents excessive water uptake.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of the first law of thermodynamics in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

Energy in food is transformed into ATP, but the total energy is conserved.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea both contain prokaryotic organisms.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is considered semi-conservative?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.

Core Principles and Foundations of Biology: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions