Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between antigen presentation and T cell activation?

$$\text{Antigen fragment} + \text{MHC molecule} \rightarrow \text{T cell activation}$$

Q: Which equation describes the production of antibodies by plasma cells?

$$\text{B cell} \xrightarrow{\text{activation}} \text{Plasma cell} \xrightarrow{\text{secretion}} \text{Antibodies}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a rapid response using a small set of receptors for broad pathogen traits, while adaptive immunity provides a slower response using a vast array of receptors for specific pathogen traits.

Question 2

A virus infects a cell and viral proteins are produced inside the cell. Which MHC class will present these antigens, and which immune cell will be activated?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I will present the antigens, activating cytotoxic T cells.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between antigen presentation and T cell activation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antigen fragment} + 	ext{MHC molecule} ightarrow 	ext{T cell activation}$$

Question 4

During an allergic reaction, which antibody is primarily involved and what is its effect on mast cells?

Accepted Answer

IgE binds to mast cells and causes the release of histamine.

Question 5

A patient receives a kidney transplant, but their immune system attacks the new organ. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The donor and recipient have different MHC/HLA molecules, leading to recognition of the organ as non-self.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the activation of B cells in response to an extracellular antigen?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation by MHC II → Helper T cell activation → B cell activation → Plasma cell formation

Question 7

Which equation describes the production of antibodies by plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{B cell} \xrightarrow{	ext{activation}} 	ext{Plasma cell} \xrightarrow{	ext{secretion}} 	ext{Antibodies}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best defines an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self (loss of self-tolerance).

Question 9

Which blood group scenario would most likely result in an immune response if a rabbit receives human blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

The rabbit produces antibodies against antigen A and B found on the red blood cells.

Question 10

Celiac disease is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction, and what is the main immune mechanism involved?

Accepted Answer

Type IV hypersensitivity; T cell-mediated tissue damage

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected body cells presenting endogenous antigens via MHC I.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the process of antigen presentation by an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pathogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{phagocytosis}} 	ext{APC} \xrightarrow{	ext{MHC II presentation}} 	ext{Antigen fragment}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a physical or physiological barrier in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 14

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing an autoimmune response. Which equation best describes the process?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Self antigen} \xrightarrow{	ext{MHC I presentation}} 	ext{Cytotoxic T cell activation} \xrightarrow{	ext{cell destruction}} 	ext{Loss of insulin-producing cells}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells

Question 16

Which equation best represents the activation of helper T cells by antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{APC} + 	ext{MHC II-antigen complex} ightarrow 	ext{Helper T cell activation}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of loss of self-tolerance in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks its own cells, leading to autoimmune disease.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the process of antibody-mediated neutralization of pathogens?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antibody} + 	ext{Pathogen} ightarrow 	ext{Neutralization}$$

LESSON 7: Diseases and the Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity, MHC, and Immune Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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