Question 1

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA is undamaged before replication begins?

Accepted Answer

G1/S checkpoint

Question 2

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer formation?

Accepted Answer

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 3

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death

Question 4

Why is early detection of abnormal cervical cells through cytology screening important for cancer prevention?

Accepted Answer

Early treatment is more effective and less invasive

Question 5

Which of the following is a limitation of cytology screening for cancer detection?

Accepted Answer

It requires regular testing and trained experts

Question 6

A cell with a mutation in a gene that prevents apoptosis is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Accumulate additional mutations and possibly form a tumor

Question 7

Which environmental factor is LEAST likely to cause mutations leading to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber

Question 8

If a cervical smear test shows moderate or severe abnormal changes, what is the next recommended step?

Accepted Answer

Colposcopy for closer examination

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can survive in hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions?

Accepted Answer

They can adapt their metabolism to survive and continue dividing

Question 10

A patient’s cervical smear shows abnormal cells, but it is not cancer. What does this result most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Some cells have changed and could become cancerous if untreated

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for verifying that DNA replication is complete and intact before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 12

Which of the following is a benefit of cytology screening?

Accepted Answer

It can detect precancerous changes early

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They halt cell division when necessary

Question 14

A cell continues to divide even after accumulating DNA damage. Which process has most likely failed?

Accepted Answer

Cell cycle checkpoint control

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of mutations that can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

High intake of vitamin C

Question 16

If a cell ignores stop signals and continues to divide, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell proliferation and possible tumor formation

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential growth of cancer cells if unchecked?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ e$$^{rt}$$

Question 18

A woman’s cervical smear shows mild abnormal changes. What is the most likely next step?

Accepted Answer

Repeat smear or HPV test after a few months

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why regular cytology screening is necessary?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal changes can develop over time and early detection is crucial

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of a cytology test?

Accepted Answer

Cervical smear (Pap test)

Disruption of the Cell Cycle and Cancer: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions