Question 1

Which of the following features distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria, as shown in the table?

Accepted Answer

Histones associated with DNA

Question 2

In the alternation of generations life cycle of land plants, which process directly produces haploid spores?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 3

Which evolutionary innovation allowed plants to grow larger and transport water efficiently over long distances?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue

Question 4

According to the land plant phylogeny, which group is the first to possess seeds?

Accepted Answer

Gymnosperms

Question 5

What is the primary function of the proton pump (ATPase) in the auxin-induced cell elongation mechanism depicted in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

To acidify the cell wall by pumping H$$^+$$ ions out

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the movement of xylem sap in tall trees is correct?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the cohesion and adhesion properties of water

Question 7

Which plant hormone is responsible for promoting seed dormancy and inducing stomatal closure during water stress?

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid (ABA)

Question 8

A plant growing in nitrogen-poor, acidic bog soil is most likely to obtain nitrogen by which adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Capturing and digesting insects

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

Primary growth increases length, secondary growth increases girth

Question 10

Why does a toy nailed to a tree trunk at 1 meter above the ground remain at the same height as the tree grows taller?

Accepted Answer

Because primary growth occurs at the tips of shoots, not along the trunk

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating communication and transport between adjacent cells

Question 12

Which cell type is specialized for support and has thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin?

Accepted Answer

Sclerenchyma

Question 13

What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

They fix atmospheric nitrogen (N$$_2) $$into ammonium (NH$$_4^+)$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why magnesium deficiency causes yellowing between the veins of leaves?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the movement of phloem sap?

Accepted Answer

It is driven by hydrostatic pressure generated by high sucrose concentration

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the genetic diversity observed in sexually reproducing eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Which group of plants is characterized by a dominant gametophyte generation and lack of vascular tissue?

Accepted Answer

Mosses

Question 19

What is the main advantage of seeds in the evolution of land plants?

Accepted Answer

They protect and nourish the embryo during harsh conditions

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting lateral shoot formation and counteracting apical dominance?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinin

Diversity of Form and Function: Study Guide for Exam 1 (Plant and Microbial Biology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions