Question 1

Which type of bond is formed between the 3' hydroxyl group of the growing DNA strand and the 5' phosphate group of the incoming dNTP during DNA replication, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 2

In the process depicted in the image, what is released as a byproduct when a new nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Two phosphate groups (pyrophosphate)

Question 3

Based on the image, in which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3' direction

Question 4

What is the significance of the 3' OH group in the DNA replication process shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the attachment point for the incoming nucleotide.

Question 5

If a mutation removed the 3' OH group from the growing DNA strand, what would happen to DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Replication would stop because new nucleotides could not be added.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction shown in the image, where a new nucleotide is added to a growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 7

What is the chemical equation for the condensation reaction that occurs when a dNTP is added to a growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$(DNA)_{n} + dNTP \rightarrow (DNA)_{n+1} + PP_i$$

Question 8

Why is the reaction shown in the image considered exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Because the breaking of the high-energy phosphate bonds in dNTP releases energy.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of dNTPs in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They provide both the building blocks and the energy for DNA synthesis.

Question 10

If the template strand sequence is 5'-ATGC-3', what would be the sequence of the newly synthesized complementary strand (written 5' to 3')?

Accepted Answer

5'-GCAT-3'

DNA Replication: Structure, Mechanisms, and Laboratory Applications

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