Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a phosphodiester bond during DNA synthesis?

$$\text{dNTP} + \text{DNA}_{n} \rightarrow \text{DNA}_{n+1} + \text{PP}_i$$

Question 1

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 2

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5' C C T A T G C A 3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand written from 5' to 3'?

Accepted Answer

5' - T G C A T A G G - 3'

Question 3

Refer to the first image. Which molecule (A, B, C, or D) is the monomer expected in a strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The molecules shown in the first image (B) are used to synthesize which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 5

Which of the following accurately states a difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and T, while RNA contains the bases A, C, G, and U.

Question 6

In the second image, what does label A indicate?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 7

In the second image, what does label B indicate?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 8

When DNA is replicated, which bonds in the original DNA double helix are broken?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together

Question 9

A strand of DNA is just beginning replication. The piece of the new strand that has been built is called the ______ and would be made of ______.

Accepted Answer

Primer; ribonucleotides

Question 10

Which protein is responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs and opening the double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 11

Refer to the third image. Which diagram (A, B, C, or D) correctly shows the direction of DNA synthesis at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 12

What is true of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It is built in pieces because it has to be built by adding on to the 3' end of the new strand, so it is being built moving away from the replication fork.

Question 13

Researchers have cells with DNA made of deoxyribonucleotides labeled with N14. After one round of replication using N15-labeled nucleotides, what will each double-stranded DNA contain?

Accepted Answer

One strand that contains N14 nucleotides and one strand that contains N15 nucleotides

Question 14

What provides the energy to form a phosphodiester bond between two deoxyribonucleotides as the strand is built?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the phosphate-phosphate bonds on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate

Question 15

Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes. What is true about their replication?

Accepted Answer

It requires active telomerase and tends to happen only in certain cells (e.g. gametogenic cells).

Question 16

If DNA polymerase makes a mistake and adds the wrong nucleotide to the end of a growing strand, what usually happens?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase immediately removes the wrong nucleotide and replaces it with the right one.

Question 17

DNA can be damaged by UV light and certain chemicals. How do cells generally deal with this damage?

Accepted Answer

They carry out repair by removing the damaged nucleotides and replacing them with undamaged ones.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a phosphodiester bond during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{dNTP} + 	ext{DNA}_{n} ightarrow 	ext{DNA}_{n+1} + 	ext{PP}_i$$

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