Question 1

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

A mutation in the TATA box of a gene's promoter prevents transcription factors from binding. Which stage(s) of transcription would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation and elongation

Question 3

During transcription, which strand of DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The antisense (template) strand

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5’ cap and poly-A tail added during RNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Coding for amino acids in the final protein

Question 5

Given the DNA template strand 3’–GCAATCG–5’, what is the correct mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5’–CGUUAGC–3’

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 7

What is the role of transcription factors during the initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the TATA box and help RNA polymerase locate the promoter.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Removing introns and joining exons together

Question 9

Alternative RNA splicing allows for:

Accepted Answer

The production of different proteins from the same gene

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a mutation in a gene’s promoter region?

Accepted Answer

The gene may not be transcribed, leading to loss of protein production.

Question 11

In eukaryotic cells, where does RNA processing occur?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus

Question 12

Which of the following RNA types is directly translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 13

What is the function of the spliceosome during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns and joins exons together.

Question 14

Which sequence signals the termination of transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA)

Question 15

If a cell lacks functional tRNA molecules, which process would be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant but not ambiguous'?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid can be coded by multiple codons, but each codon codes for only one amino acid.

Question 17

A patient’s cells are found to have mRNA molecules lacking a poly-A tail. Which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be rapidly degraded and not translated.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct formula for the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA is synthesized in the 5' ightarrow 3' direction}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between exons and protein domains?

Accepted Answer

Different exons can encode different domains of a protein.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a prokaryotic cell. Which statement about mRNA translation is correct?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is translated as soon as it is synthesized.

DNA Transcription and RNA Processing: From Gene to Protein

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