Q: Which of the following equations best represents the process of ATP production in mitochondria, as described in the endosymbiont hypothesis?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis in green algae?

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{light} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells according to the endosymbiont hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from bacteria that were engulfed by larger prokaryotes and became symbiotic.

Question 2

Which phylum is characterized by organisms with paired nuclei, lack of mitochondria, and includes the human parasite Giardia lamblia?

Accepted Answer

Diplomonadida

Question 3

What is the primary structural feature that distinguishes the cell walls of fungi from those of plants?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, while plants have cell walls made of cellulose.

Question 4

Which group of protists is known for causing diseases such as sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis, and is characterized by a kinetoplast containing multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

Kinetoplastida

Question 5

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a flexible pellicle, two flagella (one short), and a stigma for light detection. Which phylum does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Euglenida

Question 6

Which phylum is responsible for red tides and includes many species that are highly poisonous to humans?

Accepted Answer

Dinoflagellata

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique feature of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is believed to be an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 8

Which phylum includes organisms with internal silica skeletons, radial symmetry, and axopodia used for feeding and locomotion?

Accepted Answer

Actinopoda (Radiolarians)

Question 9

A protist is observed to reproduce by binary fission, lacks mitochondria but has mitosomes, and is an intracellular parasite. Which phylum does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Microspora

Question 10

Which group of protists is defined more by what they are not, lacks embryonic cleavages, and is extremely diverse in cell surfaces, locomotion, and nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 11

Which phylum is characterized by the presence of a specialized tip (apical complex) used for attaching to host cells and includes the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

Apicomplexa

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the process of ATP production in mitochondria, as described in the endosymbiont hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 13

Which phylum is most closely related to the ancestors of multicellular animals, based on molecular studies of 18s rDNA, mitochondrial DNA, and nuclear genes?

Accepted Answer

Choanoflagellata

Question 14

Which phylum includes organisms that are major producers in marine habitats, secrete silicon shells, and are important in products such as algin and diatomaceous earth?

Accepted Answer

Stramenopila

Question 15

Which group of protists is known for forming multicellular aggregations called plasmodia, feeding by secreting digestive enzymes, and producing spores when resources are scarce?

Accepted Answer

Slime molds

Question 16

Which phylum is responsible for the formation of chalk, marble, and limestone due to their tests, and is used as an indicator for oil seam locality?

Accepted Answer

Foraminifera

Question 17

Which phylum includes organisms that lack flagella and centrioles, have several photosynthetic pigments, and are useful to humans for products like nori and agar?

Accepted Answer

Rhodophyta

Question 18

Which phylum is defined by the presence of thin pseudopodia radiating outward, internal silica skeletons, and division of cytoplasm into endoplasm and ectoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Actinopoda

Question 19

Which group of protists is characterized by the absence of introns in their DNA, anaerobic metabolism via hydrogenosomes, and includes Trichomonas vaginalis?

Accepted Answer

Parabasilida

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis in green algae?

Accepted Answer

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

121.3 Biology chapter 27

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