Q: The ozone hole over Antarctica, as shown in Figure E30-1, is primarily caused by which chemical reaction?

$$\mathrm{O}_3 + \mathrm{CFCs} \rightarrow \mathrm{O}_2 + \text{Cl radicals}$$

Question 1

Which two abiotic factors are most influential in determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes, as shown in Figure 30-1?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and precipitation

Question 2

Earth’s curvature and tilt cause temperature to vary with latitude and season. Which equation best describes the relationship between solar energy received and latitude?

Accepted Answer

$$E = S \cdot \cos(	heta)$$

Question 3

Why do deserts often occur at approximately 30° north and south latitude, as shown in Figure 30-3?

Accepted Answer

Air currents cause cool, dry air to sink, warming and drying as it descends.

Question 4

The ozone hole over Antarctica, as shown in Figure E30-1, is primarily caused by which chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O}_3 + \mathrm{CFCs} ightarrow \mathrm{O}_2 + 	ext{Cl radicals}$$

Question 5

How do ocean circulation patterns, such as the Gulf Stream, affect coastal climates?

Accepted Answer

They transport warm water, moderating temperatures in coastal regions.

Question 6

Figure 30-5 shows that both altitude and latitude affect biome distribution. Which biome would you expect at high altitude near the equator?

Accepted Answer

Tundra

Question 7

Mountains create rain shadows, as shown in Figure 30-6. What is the primary cause of the dry climate in the rain shadow?

Accepted Answer

Prevailing winds carry moist air up the mountain, where it cools and loses moisture as precipitation.

Question 8

Which biome is characterized by high biodiversity, warm temperatures, and high precipitation, as shown in Figure 30-8?

Accepted Answer

Tropical rain forest

Question 9

Which adaptation is most likely found in desert plants, as illustrated in Figure 30-12?

Accepted Answer

Thick, waxy cuticles to reduce water loss

Question 10

Desertification in the Sahel (Figure 30-14) is primarily caused by which combination of factors?

Accepted Answer

Overgrazing and prolonged drought

Question 11

Which biome is most likely to experience frequent fires and has plants adapted to survive them, as shown in Figure 30-15?

Accepted Answer

Chaparral

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between precipitation ($$P) $$and temperature ($$T) in $$determining biome type?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Biome} = f(P, T)$$

Question 13

Clear-cutting forests (Figure 30-21) can lead to which ecological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of habitat and soil erosion

Question 14

Which biome is characterized by permafrost, low temperatures, and minimal precipitation, as shown in Figure 30-22?

Accepted Answer

Tundra

Question 15

Which adaptation is most likely found in animals living in deserts, as shown in Figure 30-13?

Accepted Answer

Nocturnal behavior to avoid daytime heat

Question 16

Which biome is most likely to be found in regions with moderate temperatures and high rainfall, as shown in Figure 30-19?

Accepted Answer

Temperate rain forest

Question 17

Which real-world scenario best illustrates the effect of altitude on biome distribution?

Accepted Answer

Climbing a mountain in Ecuador and observing a transition from tropical rain forest to tundra

Question 18

Which equation best describes the rate of photosynthesis in tropical rain forests, given high light intensity ($$I) $$and abundant water ($$W$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k \cdot I \cdot W$$

Question 19

Which biome is most likely to be affected by ocean currents, as shown in Figure 30-4?

Accepted Answer

Temperate rain forest

Earth’s Diverse Ecosystems: Structure, Distribution, and Adaptations

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